“在當今社會，一(yi)切(qie)都是項(xiang)目(mu)，一(yi)切(qie)也(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)成為(wei)項(xiang)目(mu)”，“項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)是當今急劇變(bian)化(hua)時代求得生存的(de)關(guan)鍵”，21世(shi)紀(ji)是項(xiang)目(mu)化(hua)的(de)社會，項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)將(jiang)(jiang)成為(wei)社會管(guan)理(li)、企業管(guan)理(li)的(de)重要內容和技術手段(duan)。

　　然而(er)，長(chang)期以(yi)來從不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)層面(mian)接觸(chu)了許多工程(cheng)建設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu)，作(zuo)者深刻(ke)認識到我(wo)國(guo)目(mu)(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理體制還不能(neng)適應現代工程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，工程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理具有巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)在市場(chang)，而(er)社(she)會上也(ye)缺乏(fa)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理機構可以(yi)為(wei)工程(cheng)建設(she)(she)提供全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)。

　　一、我國(guo)基(ji)本建設項目管理存在的問題

　　基本建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)是(shi)國民(min)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)組成部分，是(shi)社會物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)基礎(chu)。長(chang)期(qi)以來(lai)(lai)，我國工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)采用建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)指揮部)、設(she)計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、監理(li)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、物質(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)應單(dan)位(wei)(wei)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)協作的(de)(de)(de)體制，對國民(min)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)和發展做出(chu)(chu)了(le)積極貢獻。隨著經(jing)濟全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)(hua)和科學技術的(de)(de)(de)迅猛發展，現(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內容越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)復(fu)雜，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)，涉及的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)面(mian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)廣。傳統的(de)(de)(de)以工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)為主體的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)體制日益顯示出(chu)(chu)諸多方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)。由于項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)隊(dui)伍是(shi)臨時(shi)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以缺(que)(que)乏項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)門人才(cai)和經(jing)驗，缺(que)(que)乏項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)和方(fang)法，因此難免存在(zai)管(guan)理(li)不善現(xian)象，如各主要(yao)(yao)(yao)環節設(she)計(ji)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)、物資(zi)供(gong)(gong)應之間互相分割與脫節，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)周期(qi)長(chang)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率不高(gao)，投(tou)(tou)資(zi)效(xiao)益低下等缺(que)(que)點(dian)。而由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)指揮部往往在(zai)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成后即撤消，所(suo)以積累了(le)經(jing)驗或有過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)教訓(xun)也不能(neng)(neng)作為以后項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)借鑒(jian)。實踐證(zheng)明(ming)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)公(gong)司或在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢公(gong)司中增加(jia)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)職能(neng)(neng)，通過(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立專(zhuan)業化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)隊(dui)伍如“代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)制”，代(dai)為履(lv)行職能(neng)(neng)，以專(zhuan)業化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)隊(dui)伍管(guan)理(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)確保(bao)(bao)在(zai)一(yi)定投(tou)(tou)資(zi)范圍(wei)內，更(geng)好(hao)地按照(zhao)計(ji)劃保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)(zhi)、保(bao)(bao)量完成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)任務，減少(shao)浪費和損失(shi)。

　　二、現代工程項(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)呼喚專業管(guan)理(li)組織

　　建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)是一(yi)個系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，涉(she)及到項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)、功能(neng)定位、項(xiang)目(mu)報批、設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)、監理、造(zao)價控制等(deng)一(yi)系列內(nei)容，由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)具有(you)(you)較強的(de)(de)專業性，有(you)(you)其(qi)內(nei)在的(de)(de)規律，需(xu)要(yao)通過(guo)與其(qi)相適(shi)應的(de)(de)管(guan)理模式(shi)、管(guan)理程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、管(guan)理方法(fa)、管(guan)理技(ji)術去實現，也就(jiu)是說，需(xu)要(yao)有(you)(you)專門從(cong)事(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理的(de)(de)組織為之服務，才能(neng)提高管(guan)理水平，減少工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)損失和(he)浪費。

　　項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)領域的(de)(de)(de)一門新興學(xue)科(ke)。從(cong)20世紀(ji)40年(nian)(nian)代中期到60年(nian)(nian)代，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)主要是(shi)應用(yong)于發達(da)國家的(de)(de)(de)國防工程(cheng)建設(she)(she)和工民建工程(cheng)建設(she)(she)方(fang)面。此時采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)傳統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)被認(ren)為主要是(shi)致力于項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)預算、規劃(hua)和為達(da)到特定目(mu)(mu)(mu)標而(er)借用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一些運營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，在(zai)相對較小的(de)(de)(de)范圍內所(suo)開展的(de)(de)(de)一種管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)活(huo)動(dong)。從(cong)60年(nian)(nian)代起，國際上許多人(ren)對于項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)產生了濃厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)興趣(qu)。隨(sui)后(hou)建立的(de)(de)(de)兩大國際性(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)協(xie)會，即(ji)國際項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)協(xie)會和美國項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)協(xie)會。隨(sui)后(hou)，一些國家也相繼(ji)成(cheng)立了項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)協(xie)會，為推(tui)動(dong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)發展發揮了積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。在(zai)跨(kua)國公司的(de)(de)(de)大力推(tui)動(dong)下，從(cong)20世紀(ji)90年(nian)(nian)代以(yi)來，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)已經逐漸成(cheng)熟，形成(cheng)了較完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)、跨(kua)行業的(de)(de)(de)知識體系，從(cong)而(er)構成(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要分支。

　　項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理的世界性(xing)發展趨勢(shi)在中國(guo)(guo)也有所反映，并且隨著(zhu)中國(guo)(guo)加入’WTO后(hou)步伐加快。改革(ge)開(kai)(kai)放以來，我國(guo)(guo)首先是在工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)上引進了(le)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理的概念。國(guo)(guo)務院辦(ban)公廳國(guo)(guo)辦(ban)發[1999]10l號文件提出，要盡快形成我國(guo)(guo)的咨詢設計服務體(ti)系，要“積極開(kai)(kai)展可行性(xing)研(yan)究、規(gui)劃選(xuan)址、招標代理、造價咨詢、施工(gong)監理、項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理和工(gong)程(cheng)總承包等業(ye)務”。特別是2004年以來，“代建制”在我國(guo)(guo)逐步開(kai)(kai)展起(qi)來。近(jin)幾(ji)年，工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理已經提到(dao)比較重要的地位，并受(shou)到(dao)工(gong)程(cheng)咨詢服務行業(ye)的重視(shi)。

　　三、我(wo)國(guo)工程項目管理的發展歷程

　　我(wo)國(guo)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)理(li)(li)(li)論研究和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)實踐(jian)起步(bu)較晚，尤其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方面，不管(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)職(zhi)業化發(fa)(fa)展，還是(shi)(shi)從(cong)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)學術發(fa)(fa)展，以(yi)及現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)實踐(jian)方面，我(wo)們都與發(fa)(fa)達國(guo)家存在(zai)(zai)著一定的(de)差距(ju)。從(cong)20世(shi)紀80年代(dai)后期才在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑業和(he)國(guo)內工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方法上做了許多重大的(de)改革。最先采(cai)用(yong)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)辦法的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)魯布革水電(dian)站項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，它是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)世(shi)行貸(dai)款項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。此(ci)后，我(wo)國(guo)政(zheng)府部門(men)在(zai)(zai)許多政(zheng)府投資項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)上先后采(cai)用(yong)了承包商項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)經(jing)理(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)并結合世(shi)行貸(dai)款開展了一些(xie)工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)培訓。

　　四、工(gong)程咨詢業和工(gong)程項目管理i的發展

　　我(wo)國建設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)由于(yu)長期受計(ji)(ji)劃經濟體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)影響，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、設計(ji)(ji)、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)、施(shi)工是(shi)分離(li)的(de)，能協助(zhu)業主從建設工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)前期工作到項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)報(bao)批、設計(ji)(ji)、施(shi)工監理(li)、造(zao)價(jia)審核、采(cai)購(gou)(gou)等(deng)全功(gong)能的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司和項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)咨詢(xun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司還(huan)為數不(bu)多。我(wo)國現有(you)的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司主要業務是(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建議(yi)書、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)可行性(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)報(bao)告的(de)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)或評估(gu)；現有(you)的(de)設計(ji)(ji)院不(bu)負責采(cai)購(gou)(gou)和施(shi)工管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)；現有(you)的(de)監理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司主要任務實際上是(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工階段的(de)現場施(shi)工質量監督。因此，對于(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)全過程(cheng)(cheng)進行管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)還(huan)缺乏研(yan)究(jiu)、總(zong)結和提高。發(fa)達國家的(de)某些業主和承包商(shang)甚(shen)至認為中國的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司和承包商(shang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前還(huan)不(bu)具備獨立管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)大型(xing)工程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)能力，主要是(shi)指我(wo)國項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)技術(shu)水平(ping)還(huan)比較低，提高項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)技術(shu)水平(ping)是(shi)我(wo)國工程(cheng)(cheng)建設行業的(de)當務之急。

　　項(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)公司(si)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要任(ren)務是自始至終對(dui)一個項(xiang)目(mu)負責(ze)，這(zhe)可能包括(kuo)項(xiang)目(mu)任(ren)務書的(de)編(bian)制(zhi)等前(qian)期工(gong)作(zuo)、預算控制(zhi)、法律與行(xing)政(zheng)障礙的(de)排除、土地環保等手續、資金的(de)籌集等，同(tong)時(shi)使(shi)設計者(zhe)、工(gong)料測量師(shi)和承包商的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)正確(que)地分(fen)階段進(jin)行(xing)，在適當的(de)時(shi)候引入指定分(fen)包商的(de)合(he)同(tong)和專業(ye)建造商的(de)單獨合(he)同(tong)，以使(shi)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)委(wei)托(tuo)的(de)活動順利進(jin)行(xing)。

　　目(mu)(mu)(mu)前，我(wo)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)業主(zhu)提供全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)服務的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)公(gong)(gong)司還(huan)不(bu)多(duo)，大多(duo)還(huan)不(bu)具(ju)備單獨進行(xing)(xing)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。造成這種(zhong)現(xian)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)原因，一(yi)是(shi)政府及(ji)業主(zhu)單位(wei)對(dui)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)和業主(zhu)創(chuang)造可觀效(xiao)(xiao)益這一(yi)點認(ren)(ren)識(shi)不(bu)足(zu)。二是(shi)對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)求具(ju)備較(jiao)高的(de)(de)知識(shi)和技(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，也(ye)就是(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)需要(yao)(yao)專業化這一(yi)點認(ren)(ren)識(shi)不(bu)足(zu)。國內有相當多(duo)的(de)(de)業主(zhu)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)很(hen)簡單，．誰都(dou)可以管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，因而不(bu)愿意委托專業化的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢(xun)公(gong)(gong)司實施工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，結果在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)領域內造成普遍(bian)的(de)(de)外行(xing)(xing)領導(dao)內行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)現(xian)象(xiang)，業主(zhu)單位(wei)的(de)(de)代表(biao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)總的(de)(de)負責人，不(bu)了解工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序，不(bu)具(ju)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)專業知識(shi)，無(wu)法有效(xiao)(xiao)擔(dan)負整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)各(ge)部門(men)、各(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)種(zhong)協(xie)調配(pei)合工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)進度也(ye)就無(wu)法得到有效(xiao)(xiao)保證。為(wei)(wei)(wei)迅(xun)速扭轉這種(zhong)局(ju)面，必(bi)須在我(wo)國大力培育全功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)司或項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)司。

　　工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)涉(she)及的(de)(de)(de)面很廣(guang)，內(nei)(nei)容很多，也很龐雜。隨著社會經濟和技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)規模越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)復(fu)(fu)雜，牽涉(she)的(de)(de)(de)面也越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)廣(guang)。就工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)公司對一(yi)個具(ju)體(ti)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)而(er)言，包括組(zu)織、人員、資金(jin)、財(cai)務、計劃、進度、設備、材料、質(zhi)量、成本(ben)、安全(quan)、信息、環境、設計、采購(gou)、施工(gong)、開車、考試和驗(yan)收等內(nei)(nei)容。這些(xie)內(nei)(nei)容雖然錯綜復(fu)(fu)雜，但它們之(zhi)間是相互聯系(xi)、相互制約并(bing)具(ju)有(you)內(nei)(nei)在規律的(de)(de)(de)，把(ba)這些(xie)內(nei)(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)要素合(he)理(li)(li)地進行組(zu)織和管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，就能有(you)效地達到工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)和控制的(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

　　為了(le)確保(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)按(an)質(zhi)、按(an)量、按(an)預計投資按(an)時完成(cheng)，目(mu)前，現代的(de)工程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理已(yi)朝著“全面詳(xiang)細計劃、嚴格(ge)按(an)計劃實(shi)施、及時反(fan)饋更新(xin)、嚴密跟蹤對比”這(zhe)種模式(shi)進行。人(ren)們利(li)用各(ge)種項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理軟件(jian)，力圖從(cong)實(shi)用的(de)角度(du)分析(xi)在工程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理過程中，從(cong)進度(du)計劃的(de)編制(zhi)、進度(du)、費用控制(zhi)、實(shi)用進度(du)分析(xi)等(deng)方(fang)面完善項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理的(de)專業化(hua)和現代化(hua)，這(zhe)就要(yao)求要(yao)有專業化(hua)的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理公司和管(guan)理人(ren)才。

　　工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)是在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)約束條件下，以高效(xiao)率(lv)地實現業主的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)為目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)，以項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)經(jing)理(li)(li)負責為基礎和以項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)為獨立(li)實體進行經(jing)濟核算，并按照項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)內(nei)在的(de)(de)邏輯(ji)規(gui)律進行有效(xiao)的(de)(de)計劃、組織、協調、控制的(de)(de)系統管理(li)(li)活動。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)公(gong)司由于(yu)長(chang)期從事工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)(de)前期工(gong)(gong)作，積累了豐富的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)經(jing)驗，也具有與工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設管理(li)(li)相應專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)，通過(guo)對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)公(gong)司的(de)(de)業務(wu)內(nei)容進行新整合，對項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)人(ren)才(cai)進行相應的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業培訓，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)公(gong)司可以較容易地勝任工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)業務(wu)，而工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)業務(wu)也必將成為工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)咨詢(xun)(xun)(xun)公(gong)司的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)最重要的(de)(de)業務(wu)內(nei)容。